Ouch!

Teaching – its like a sharp blow to the back of the head

Thursday breaktime, the day before February half term, six tough teaching weeks in the cold, dark winter months are coming to a close as I stand in the staff room, enjoying a coffee and chatting to a colleague …

Thwack!

I feel a sharp, heavy blow to the back of my head. Shock, surprise and pain wash over me in equal measure as I drop to one knee to try and take stock of what has just happened. My wits return and I realise that the colleague apologising profusely had accidently knocked over a speaker, which had swung down like a pendulum, striking me a blow on the back of the head. “Was I alright?” everyone was asking me, and I was asking myself the same question. The back of my head hurt, but was there anything else to worry about? I wasn’t too sure – I’ve seen a few nasty head injuries in my time (mainly on the sports pitch) to know you need to be very careful and cautious with any blow to the head.

I did think that if I was compos mentis enough to worry about being concussed, I probably wasn’t, but I couldn’t shake that nagging doubt, so 30 mins after the incident I self-referred myself to the school nurse who checked me out, said I was probably OK, but gave me a head injury advice sheet, which included a list of symptoms to watch out for, and to take further medical advice if any of them manifested themselves.

And this was where my problems really began!

How could I differentiate these from just being a teacher 6 weeks in from the last break?

  • Feeling tired, no energy
  • Irritable
  • Bothered by light or noise
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Headache

I would say I was exhibiting all those symptoms, but I probably had them all before my accident.

It turns out I wasn’t concussed, and as soon as half-term arrived the next day all those symptoms rapidly dissipated with a bit of rest.

But it did make me realise a half-term of teaching is like a blow to the back of the head, it just takes a little longer for the effects to materialise.

Stay safe (and, unlike this blog post, always treat any head injury with respect and caution – it could be serious.)

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Normal for joggers

Hakone Ekiden Yosenkai half marathon

Runners competing in the Hakone Ekiden Yosenkai half marathon naturally take the form of the Normal Distribution. I do like to see mathematics “live, and in the wild”, one to share with my students.

It’s even clearer in video form, found on X (the site formally known as Twitter)

With thanks to Japan Running News who spotted it first.

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How I beat chat GPT …

… with a little help from my friends

I’ve been teaching maths for a fair few years now and I am definitely in that dangerous stage of thinking I know it all and have seen it all before. Things have certainly changed since I first picked up a piece of chalk and faced the enemy taught my first class – chalk itself is now never seen in a classroom; emails probably existed when I started teaching, but were unknown in school; and paper, pen and textbook still ruled supreme – but two plus two is still four, and dividing by zero was forbidden then as it remains so now.

A few days in to a new term a colleague asked a simple question:

Bounds – what is lower bound of 100 rounded to one significant figure?

Over the initial shock of the alarm clock once again rousing me from my slumber, but not yet numbed from a term’s tiredness, I had the time and energy to ponder this question, not one I’d considered before in all my years in the classroom. My initial thought was 50, with the upper bound being 150 and I sketched out for my colleague a simple number line, numbered 0, 100, 200 etc – numbers with one significant figure – and drew in my upper bound at 150, and then my lower bound of 50.

He gave me a warm smile, recognising I had stumbled into his trap, and passed me ladder out of his trap by asking me to consider 64. What would that round to one significant figure?

And then it dawned on me, the lower bound must be 95. Anything between 95 and 100 would round, to one significant figure, to 100, but anything below 95 wouldn’t round to 100. The bounds need not be symmetrical. I’d never thought about that before, but I am grateful to my colleague (and friend’s) gentle questioning to prompt me to do so.

Another friend (and colleague) decided to do what so many students would do – ask ChatGPT (something that was available only in the most fanciful of Science Fiction when I first started teaching.) And this was its answer:

ChatGPT’s (incorrect) answer

We all agreed that ChatGPT was wrong in this instance. As 2025 dawns its encouraging to note that, at least sometimes, real intelligence still beats artificial intelligence (even if it did take me a little while to get there!)

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The rise and rise of A level maths

Provisional entries for exams for Summer 2024 show that maths continues to be the most popular A level, and its popularity continues to rise, faster than most subjects. With 101,230 entries (11.4% up on last year) it comfortably tops the table, with Pyscology (76,130 entries, down 2.4%) and Biology (69,045 entries, up 0.3%) in second and third places.

Further Maths is growing, with 17,420 entries this year, nearly 20% more than sat the exam last year. This growth is fantastic, but not without its challenges. Whilst the numbers, nationally, might be big, and getting bigger, in an individual school it may be only a few students choosing Further Maths, and I know that many HoDs have had to be creative in how they structure the delivery of the course.

A level entries by subject, Summer 2024 part i
A level entries by subject, Summer 2024 part ii

It should be noted that the cohort of 18 year olds is 1.2% greater than 2023, so a percentage change above this value suggests a subject is growing in popularity, below 1.2% represents a falling popularity.

AS Levels

It should come as no surprise to see that entries for AS levels continues to fall (in total, and for most subjects), although once again, Further Maths bucks this trend. I suspect (but have no data to back this up, this is just a hunch) that more students are embarking on studying Further Maths, but some/many are then perhaps finding it a “bridge too far” and opting to cash in with an AS level in Further Maths, alongside their A level Maths. On a very anecdotal level, I’ve always found it hard to call who will succeed on a Further Maths course, and who won’t (from, say, the same capable GCSE set I have taught.) In part, I think it is to do with attitude and interest – entering post-16 study, students begin to gain a better idea of what they really enjoy, and where they want their studies to take them, and if something “very mathematical” does not feature in their future plans, the commitment needed for Further Maths can be something sacrificed for success elsewhere.

AS level entries – Summer 2024

GCSE entries

Total GCSE entries have increased by 4.8% since 2023, but this should be set against 5.2% increase in 16 year olds, so we would expect numbers to grow. I am surprised to see that more students will be sitting Combined Science than Maths (with English Language in third place) – perhaps this is because the data is for GCSE and a significant number (of mainly Independent school students) will be sitting iGCSE Maths and not included in these figures? I don’t know, that’s just my theory, would love to find out for sure.

Here is the table of entries for the EBacc subjects:

GCSE entries (EBacc subjects) Summer 2024

And for the non-EBacc subjects:

GCSE entries (non-EBacc subjects) Summer 2024 i
GCSE entries (non-EBacc subjects) Summer 2024 ii

Maths, of course, is one of a handful of subjects that has tiered entry. This summer, 41% of maths entries are for the Higher Tier – this has been a consistent number ranging from 41% to 43% in the years 2020 to 2024. I am surprised by this, my sense was that more students took the higher tier (easier to gain a few elusive marks and hit the low grade boundary for a 4 on the Higher Tier than risk having to get more right than wrong on the Foundation Tier for the same level 4), but its not the first, and won’t be the last, time I’m wrong.

Tiers of entry Summer 2024

And the age of entry for GCSE is interesting, too. Post Year 11, only Maths and English are sat (re-takes), and only languages get taken early:

Entries by Year Group

All this data, and more, was taken from Ofqual’s provisional statistics for the summer 2024 exam series. You can find the information, and more here.

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Well behaved …

Mea culpa.

In my time, I may have made a few things up. I’ve “created” a new meaning for the verb: “to pythagorize”, and I regularly tell my students of the “Forgotten Formula”

(The first: to pythagorize means to “to philosophize in the manner of the Pythagoreans”. In my classroom it means to use or apply Pythagoras’ theorem. For example, to find the magnitude of a vector I may tell my students to “pythagorize the i and j (and k if working in three dimensions) components.” I think it may be stretch to suggest we are philosophizing in the manner of the Pythagoreans when doing this.

The second is a bit of cod psychology. The most useful item not included on the A level formula sheet is, imho, the identity:

sec2x = tan2x + 1

yet my experience has taught me that students often grind to a halt in a question when remembering this identity would unlock the problem for them. Hence I have christened it “The Forgotten Formula”, have it labelled as such on my wall, and refer to it by this name. On more than one occasion, I have had to explain to my students that this is one of my little (many?) quirks and if they start talking of “the forgotten formula” with other teachers and mathematicians they will, at best, look back at them blankly. But if it helps my students remember, than I’m happy)

So it should have come as no surprise to me when introducing my students to “well behaved functions” they thought it was more of my make-believe (although they loved the concept, and I may have embellished my teacher talk with tales of mis-behaving functions having to spend Thursday lunchtime in detention.) So I had to convince them it was “a thing” and that we describe a function as well behaved if it is continuous and all of its derivatives are defined and continuous. For our purposes, in A level maths, we were exploring the sign change method to find a root between a pair of values, and discussing when this method may not work (if the function is not well-behaved!)

I’ve taught this class for two years, I hope I’ve managed to teach them something. I suspect that, in ten years time, they may not remember much maths, but probably will remember when we talked of well behaved functions!

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